This Special Issue provides key recommendations for scientists, policy makers and practitioners who intend to operationalise marine and coastal ecosystem services in decision making. This Special Issue is a result of a collaboration between the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Working Group on Resilience and Marine Ecosystem Services and the Ecosystem Service Partnership Marine Biome Working Group. It features contributions from participants of the European ESP Conference Session ‘Informing marine and coastal policy using ecosystem service assessments: evidence from real world applications,’ convened by the ESP Marine Biome Working Group in Antwerp, Belgium, on 22 September 2016.